Sunday, December 29, 2019

Buisness Finance - 2327 Words

â€Å"Chapter # 5, Risk and Return - Problems† QUESTION # 01 Jerome J. Jerome is considering investing in a security that has the following distribution of possible one-year returns: Probability of Occurrence|0.10|0.20|0.30|0.30|0.10| Possible return|-0.10|0.00|0.10|0.20|0.30| a. What is the expected return and standard deviation associated with the investment? b. Is there much â€Å"downside† risk? How can you tell? SOLUTION:- (a) Data Pi = 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.30, 0.10 Ri = -0.10, 0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 = = R2 Formula = RiPi = POSSIBLE RETURN, Ri|PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE, Pi|(Ri) (Pi)|(Ri - )2 (Pi)| -0.10|0.10|-.01|(-.1 -.11)2(.10)| 0.00|0.20|.00|( .00 - .11)2(.20)| 0.10|0.30|.03|( .10 - .11)2(.30)|†¦show more content†¦This indicates that excess returns for the stock fluctuates less than excess returns for the stock fluctuate less than excess returns for the market portfolio. The stock has much less systematic risk than the market as a whole. It would be a defensive investment. QUESTION # 04 Assume that the CAPM approach is appropriate; compute the required rate of return for each of the following stocks, given a risk-free rate of 0.07 and an expected return for the market portfolio of 0.13: Stock|A|B|C|D|E| Beta|1.5|1.0|0.6|2.0|1.3| What implications can you draw? SOLUTION:- Data Rf = 0.07 m = 0.13 ÃŽ ² = A) 1.5 B) 1.0 C) 0.6 D) 2.0 E) 1.3 = Formula = Rf + (m + Rf) ÃŽ ² Req. (RA) = .07 + (.13 - .07) (1.5) = .16 Req. (RB) = .07 + (.13 - .07) (1.0) = .13 Req. (RC) = .07 + (.13 - .07) (0.6) = .106 Req. (RD) = .07 + (.13 - .07) (2.0) = .19 Req. (RE) = .07 + (.13 - .07) (1.3) = .148 Implication The relationship between required return and beta should be stressed. QUESTION # 05 On the basis of an analysis of past returns and of inflationary expectations, Marta Gomez feels that the expected return on stocks in general is 12 percent. The risk-free rate on short-term Treasury securities is now 7 percent. Gomez is particularly interested in the return prospects for Kessler Electronics Corporation. Based on monthly data for the past five years, she has fitted a characteristic line to the responsiveness of excess returnsShow MoreRelatedCorporate Financial Analysis Of Bj s Restaurant And Brewhouse827 Words   |  4 Pages Corporate financial analysis of BJ’s Restaurant and Brewhouse. BUS401: Principles of Finance Instructor: Kathleen Colquitt Loren J. Deitz 27 February 2017 Table of Contents Introduction and brief history of BJ’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 Financial statements review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 Income statement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Balance sheet †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Statement of cash flow .....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Pro-Forma of projected financial statementsRead MoreEssay On Frank1422 Words   |  6 PagesBeing neither of the work force or a buisness head, it is difficult to take a stance on if a work day should be shortened or kept similarly the same. To be frank, finances are a key componant to any living beings life, and the productivity of a company, as well as a proportional paycheck, is as much determined on each other as on surrounding circumstance, but how does a company owner, or an employer, find this medium, this perfect middle? Its not an easy task, with the cash market so volitile,Read MoreEmirates Airlines Project1507 Words   |  7 Pages SEMI VARIABLE COST 6 STEPPED COST 6 SWOT analysis 7 Strengths 7 Weaknesses 7 Opportunities 8 Threats 8 PEST ANALYSIS 9 POLITICAL 9 ECONOMICAL 9 SOCIAL 9 TECHNOLOGY 9 BUISNESS FUNCTIONS 10 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 10 MARKETING DEPARTMENT 10 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 10 FINANCE AND ACCOUNTS 11 ADMINISTRATION 11 CONCLUSION 12 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dubai  based  Emirate airlines, is among the most successful airlinesRead MoreTaking a Look at Leadership Styles707 Words   |  3 PagesRetrieved from EBSCOhost. Cherian, Jacob.(2013). Does Effective Leadership Style Drive Financial Performance of Banks? International Journal of Economics Finance .5(7) p105-114. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Colfax, Richard S (2009). Virtual Leadership: A Green Possibility in critical Times But Can It Really Work? Journal of International Buisness 2(8), p.133-139. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Darling, John (2012). Effective Organizational Consulting Across Cultural Boundaries: A Case Focusing on LeadershipRead MoreNokia s Analysis Report Comparison908 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of this paper, a competitor analysis will be conducted to assess the present state of Nokia. Figure 1 gives a visual of the information that will be discussed. The financial information is according to Yahoo Finance. Figure1 Finance After analyzing Nokia’s finances compared to its competitors, Nokia’s market capital is far less than Apple’s but that does not mean Nokia is less of a competitor. Nokia is still operating as a company in the large market capitalization because its marketRead MoreBusiness Management And My Dream Job999 Words   |  4 Pagesmanagement analysts address. Common fields of study include business, management, economics, political science and government, accounting, finance, marketing, psychology, computer and information science, and English. Choosing any of these fields can lend you in the right path to becoming a management consultant.According to USNews.com the best undergraduate buisness progarams in order are: University of Pennsylvania , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , University of California--Berkeley , UniversityRead MoreMaking An Outline For A Business1217 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness owner you must comply with rules all companies must follow. Th e articles explain every Law a business owner should know if it applies to their business. ï‚ § Finance Your Business- Before you start a company it is important to know how much your business will cost. The articles explain what the startup cost may be, using personal finances, preparing Financial statements, borrowing money for the business, and Developing cash flow and Breakeven Analysis. The even have a SBA financial assistance EligibilityRead MoreThe Leadership Of The Enron Corporation935 Words   |  4 PagesThis team could have represented finance, communications, asset operations, HR, and Another team that Enron could have benefited from was a product development team. The product team could have looked for ways increase the shareholders profit, staying true to the leader’s value while working together to maintain the company’s moto. This cross-functional team could have comprised members from departments such as legal, risk management, corporate development, and finance. Enron was surly lacking a qualityRead MoreSocial Implications Of Business Ethics1601 Words   |  7 Pagesare: †¢ Ethics in finance †¢ Ethics in production †¢ Ethics in human resources management †¢ Ethics in sales and marketing Ethics in finance Ethics in finance is a very important factor to consider when dealing with social implications. There are lots of unethical behaviour within finance. The main aim for most business organisations is to generate profit, if something stands in the way of this, a business may chose to use unethical practises to get around the issue. Ethics in finance can be broken downRead MoreOffice Administration - Cxc School Based Assessment1706 Words   |  7 PagesFeb. 5, 2009 Appendices The appendices was completed successfully Feb. 20, 2009 S.B.A. The SBA was typed and printed successfully. REPORT BUISNESS FORMS OFFICE EQUIPMENTS BIBLIOGRAPHYâ€Æ' The accounts office of any organization is one of the most important offices of the organization. The major role of the accounts office is to regulate the finances of the company in a pathway and increase the standard of service offered. The accounts offices consist of accountants, Assistant accountants,

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Ethics and Accountability in Public Service - 1697 Words

Ethics, Integrity and Accountability in Public Sector: Practice and Lessons Learned in Latvia Aleksejs Loskutovs, Director Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau Latvia 28 September 2006 (10 min.) The public sector in Latvia has undergone many important changes over the past decade. In mid 1990s Latvian government started a major public administration reform. This reform was one of the cornerstones on Latvia’s way to the European Union, which we joined in May 2004. Latvia made a great effort to develop legal framework that regulates the public sector, as well as relations between the public sector and the citizens. Today legislation in Latvia and internal regulations of different public institutions in various ways cover the principles†¦show more content†¦To ensure that this policy and relevant legislation are actually implemented it was decided to establish a single, specialised anti-corruption body – the Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau. It was created by law in 2002. The Bureau is fully operational since February 2003. It is an independent institution of public administration with investigatory powers. According to the national anti-corruption policy the Bureau has a wide set of tasks starting with prevention of corruption through control of activities of public officials and financing of political parties, and education of the public to investigation of criminal offences of corruption in the public sector. Despite it is a new institution, the Bureau was recognised in 2005 as one of the most trusted institutions in Latvia. Further to this, Latvia has adopted the law on Prevention of Conflict of Interest in Activities of Public Officials. The purpose of this law is to promote the integrity of public officials, as well as transparency and accountability of the public service. The law provides for restrictions and incompatibilities in situations of combingShow MoreRelatedEthics and Accountability in the Philippine Public Se rvice: Role of Citizens, Public Officials, Private Sector and Civil Society1180 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Ethics and Accountability in the Philippine Public Service: Role of Citizens, Public Officials, Private Sector and Civil Society In my previous paper, I mentioned that values are as important in our government system as the other functions and political processes are. Unit VI discussed how crucial and vital ethics and accountability is in our government. It also talks about the significance of our own moral code, seeing that public ethics are part of the overall value system, and is cultureRead MoreEthics and Accountability in the Philippine Public Service: Role of Citizens, Public Officials, Private Sector and Civil Society1172 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Ethics and Accountability in the Philippine Public Service: Role of Citizens, Public Officials, Private Sector and Civil Society In my previous paper, I mentioned that values are as important in our government system as the other functions and political processes are. Unit VI discussed how crucial and vital ethics and accountability is in our government. It also talks about the significance of our own moral code, seeing that public ethics are part of the overall value system, and is cultureRead MoreUnethical Behavior Has A Negative Impact On The Public, Economy And Work Environment Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesEthics according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary is â€Å"the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group† (Ethic, 2015). As public administration professionals, we have a duty to make ethical decisions and always put the general public’s interest before our interest. Repeatedly, the general public is being confronted with unethical behavior. Unethical behavior continues to be a persistent problem in the public, nonprofit and for-profit sectors. Some recent unethical behavior includesRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics Don t Require Formal Punishment1493 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Ethics are a vital part of our everyday lives, even in the field of public officials. There always a time in someone life where their face with a decision they feel is right or wrong, but they have to what they feel is appropriate for the public as a whole. A personal ethics statement demonstrates the values and expectations of the duties of public officials. The codes of ethics don’t require formal punishment but more of the fear of the organization falling apart. Which insinuatesRead MorePublic Servants Play A Huge Role In Implementing Policies1265 Words   |  6 PagesPublic servants play a huge role in implementing policies and have responsibilities to fulfill while in office. In carrying out these responsibilities and duties, there are certain administrative values that must be found in them like ethical, democratic and professional (Barker Mau, p.14). However, public individuals and institutions can disregard the values and ethics code for the public sector and as such make the public to question their decisions and activities. Since the late 17th CenturyRead MoreHippocratic Oath And The Engineering Code Of Ethics1034 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast: Hippocratic Oath and the Engineering Code of Ethics The Hippocratic Oath and Engineering code of ethics have both been regarded as the standard for medical and engineering professionals to conduct themselves morally, and professionally to assure that the decisions and activities made are guided by certain principles and values. (Hendon and French, 2016) Both the Hippocratic Oath and Engineering code of ethics emphasize the importance of the duties and responsibilities of professionalsRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Public Administration System Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesAdministrative Ethics is one of the terms of Administrative science which begins with and grounded in duty. The nature, meaning and scopes of ethics have overgrown in the course of time. Ethics is thickened to public administration. In public administration, ethics concentrates on how the public administrator should question and reflect in order to be able to act responsibly. We can simply bisect the two by saying that ethics deals with morals and values, while public administration is full of actionsRead MoreThe Importance of Accountability in the Healthcare Industry1128 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Healthcare industry Introduction Accountability has become an important field in the health care programs because it involves the events and procedures for not only mitigating but also taking responsibility for the actions taking place in an organization. This is crucial because how the funds are handled may directly affect how the patient is treated or the quality of treatment the patient gets. Accountability has also been known to have a robust influence on how one makes decisions. This hasRead MoreIn General, The External Or Internal Controls Are Critical840 Words   |  4 PagesIn general, the external or internal controls are critical issues in public administration. The goal of public administration s to provide high quality of services to the public. External responsibility refers to the rules that affect the activities for the agency. Certainly, internal control is critical in public administration. Usually, internal control purpose is to develop activities that benefit the community; in fact, managers con cern with individual’s self-grow and life improvement. Administrators’Read MoreThe Role Of The Nmc And The Code Of Practice919 Words   |  4 PagesThis assignment tries to explain the role Nursing and Midwifery Council plays in safeguarding the public and maintaining standard care within the UK. Establishing and maintaining standard rules and regulation and legislations which are there to safeguard people. In order to do that, the author will discuss how the MNC seeks to safeguarding the patients specifically restricting discussing on mental health by regulating mental health nursing. Key terminologies such as regulation and Mental Health Nursing

Friday, December 13, 2019

Behavioral Genetics Free Essays

Multiple situations and conditions can impair or influence human behavior in individuals. My hypothesis was genetics has the strongest influence on human behavior because of the inability to have control over heredity. Without control, how can one improve or change their behavior? Mental disorders can be inherited through genetics. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Genetics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Examples of genetically acquired mental disorders are schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. My personal experience with individuals with those particular types of mental disorders exhibit different behaviors that those without the disorder. The way one interacts with other and the perception of that individual by society can be influences by mental disorders . My hypothesis was slightly changed after reading the article â€Å"Behavioral Gentics† by Joseph McInerney . McInerney provided in depth research that alluded to the fact that genetics alone does not influence human behavior. He believes that unless every person is tested a definitive correlation between genetics and behaviors will not exist. (J. McInerney ‘Behavioral Genetics† 24Aug2011) In case studies, researchers only test a select few and this does not provide enough information to prove or disprove genetics behavioral influence. According to McInerney, there may be others factors that may be present in conjunction with genetics that may influence human behavior. Behaviors are â€Å"the response of an individual, group, or species to its environment† (Merriam Webster Dictionary). Genetics are â€Å"a branch of biology that deals wit h the heredity and variation of organisms† (MWD). Through definition; genetics is not a factor for behaviors. Genetics can be a factor, but does not necessarily have to be a controlling factor that influences human behavior. McInerney provided multiple sources of other studies that solidified his view. I made my hypothesis based on my personal experience of people with mental disorders that had a historyof mental illness in their family. I only had access to a minimal amount of people with this disorder and made an inference without proper investigation. After reading this research; I feel that my hypothesis was just an opinion that could be perceived as judgmental. I believe that the source was creditable site because it was a overnment website. I will not say that I agree or disagree with the information presented. The information was from one source. I would have to read every source that McInerney provided and research other sources that oppose McInerney findings. I learned that solely from reading someone else’s opinion that it affected and influenced my behavior. I am usually ve ry decisive when I formulate an opinion. Normally my opinion is never altered due to someone else’s input. I have learned that many people make inferences and consider themselves expertise without more information from other sources. How to cite Behavioral Genetics, Papers Behavioral Genetics Free Essays Heredity and the environment produce an individual difference in development. Behavioral genetics has an impact in development. Behavioral genetics according to Francis Galton is based on â€Å"a man’s natural abilities that are derived by inheritance, under exactly the same limitations as are the form and physical features of the whole organic world. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Genetics or any similar topic only for you Order Now † The role of behavioral genetics is based on human behavior influenced by genetics and the environment. For instance, Galton focused on the study of inheritance of gifted and talented families, and found that intelligence might be genetic, yet he also found that it has a lot to do with environmental factors. Galton researched in behavioral genetics including studies of twins and adopted children to compare environmental factors and biological factors. While contemporary behavioral genetics being the largest branch of human behavioral genetics covers phenotypes such as alcoholism, bipolar disorders, and schizophrenia however, investigations have not yet found genes associated to these mental illnesses but are rather environmental. Behavioral genetics has implications in society that affects a massive amount of physical behaviors that includes homosexuality, aggression, and nurturing, and intelligence. For example, the amount of tolerance that a trait would fur goes for prisoners or homosexuals such as getting treatment or prevent the birth of individuals affected. The only known fact is that no gene determines behaviors. This was proved by a study published in 1999 of the â€Å"smart gene† this gene was practiced on mice by injecting what is known as the high gene, and the study came to a conclusion that the learning enhancement only lasted a few hours, and was only retain in short memory. Having a certain trait does not mean that the trait will develop instead it can only be taken as a chance that it might or may not. Behavioral genes is still quite a mystery but can not be elapsed because there are major possibilities that traits may exist. How to cite Behavioral Genetics, Papers Behavioral Genetics Free Essays Heredity and the environment produce an individual difference in development. Behavioral genetics has an impact in development. Behavioral genetics according to Francis Galton is based on â€Å"a man’s natural abilities that are derived by inheritance, under exactly the same limitations as are the form and physical features of the whole organic world. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Genetics or any similar topic only for you Order Now † The role of behavioral genetics is based on human behavior influenced by genetics and the environment. For instance, Galton focused on the study of inheritance of gifted and talented families, and found that intelligence might be genetic, yet he also found that it has a lot to do with environmental factors. Galton researched in behavioral genetics including studies of twins and adopted children to compare environmental factors and biological factors. While contemporary behavioral genetics being the largest branch of human behavioral genetics covers phenotypes such as alcoholism, bipolar disorders, and schizophrenia however, investigations have not yet found genes associated to these mental illnesses but are rather environmental. Behavioral genetics has implications in society that affects a massive amount of physical behaviors that includes homosexuality, aggression, and nurturing, and intelligence. For example, the amount of tolerance that a trait would fur goes for prisoners or homosexuals such as getting treatment or prevent the birth of individuals affected. The only known fact is that no gene determines behaviors. This was proved by a study published in 1999 of the â€Å"smart gene† this gene was practiced on mice by injecting what is known as the high gene, and the study came to a conclusion that the learning enhancement only lasted a few hours, and was only retain in short memory. Having a certain trait does not mean that the trait will develop instead it can only be taken as a chance that it might or may not. Behavioral genes is still quite a mystery but can not be elapsed because there are major possibilities that traits may exist. How to cite Behavioral Genetics, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

The Tender Law of Australia-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the tender law of Australia and a provision regarding the Collective bargaining. Answer: The present case is based on the tender law of Australia and a provision regarding the collective bargaining has been discussed through this case. Millennia University has called for certain seeds and certain tender was received on the basis (Vettori, S., 2016). A date was mentioned regarding the closing of the tender and three companies are submitted their willingness regarding the same. There are certain rules regarding the tendering process. It has been held in Hughes Aircraft System v. Airservices Australia [1997] FCA 558 that the tendering process must be supported by way of written procedure or way of signing the final letter regarding the same. Three companies on several dates tendered regarding the offers made by the University and the university get the tender made by Enviro on 17th May. However, the same was being cancelled due to its early submission and it was required to be submitted properly. The tenders of the green land hands and the Plant forever have went to the tender box which was treated as perfect for the administrative job for the University. However, the offer made by the Enviro was attractive in nature but the file was lost due to certain mistake and the University authorities posted a consent letter to the Plant forever with a view to make the transaction between them. According to the legal provision, a contract is made when the capable party accepts an offer and both the parties should have a knowledge regarding the same (Morse, S.C. and Deutsch, R., 2016). Consideration is another criteria regarding the contract and if there is no contract made between the parties, the liability of the principle and the tenderer will not arose. The reason behind the same is if there is no mentality to create any legal relationship, the tendering procedure will not be conducted legally. In this case, though the University authority accepted the tender of Plant forever, the same was not reached to the company and therefore, no legal relationship is made in between them. Knowledge is an important part regarding the validity of the contract and if any of the contracting parties are not know about the contract or the contracting element, the same will not be validated. In Pratt Contractors Ltd. v Palmerston North City Council, it was held that an uncomplicated bidding request is needed but the same will not be treated as an obligation. Therefore, when the tender was brought to the notice of the University authority and the same was accepted, it may created a tender but does not bind on the parties or made no obligation regarding the same. It is being mentioned that until the tender is accepted and the same is getting into the knowledge of the parties, the same cannot be treated legally and no legitimate approach could be taken place. It has been observed in the case that the letter sent by the university has not been reached to the Plant forever and the company has given the contract to another company. There is no wrongness happened regarding the Plants Forever, who has given the contracts for the seeds to other company. It is rule under the tender as well as the law of contract that the acceptance by the party must be come to the knowledge of another party. It is also stated that both the contracting parties must sign the letter of consent. However, in this case, the letter was signed by the University only. There was no signature by the Plant Forever and even, they do not know about the consent (Keyes 2017). Therefore, it is obvious that there is no contract made between them and no legal relationship has been made within them. Plant Forever is not binding by any obligation regarding the same. Therefore, it can be stated that there is no contractual position has been made in between any of the parties and therefore, none of the parties are liable for any conduct of them The case is based on the provision of Australian Contract Act and Electronic Transaction Act 1999. Basic fact of the case is deal with offer (Swain 2014). In Australia, the contract law is attracted the provision of the English law and there is a tendency to follow the common law there. As per the provision of the Australian Contract Act, offer is a kind of communication. It is a promise as against a certain person for a certain job so that the job is to be done by others. Offer can be at any stage and to any person. As per the provision of the Australian Common law, offer is different from the invitation to deal (Alexander and Merkert 2017). The present case is an approach of auction in nature. According to the provision of Australia, auction is an offer if it is included a bid. In the present case, it has been observed that the Footloose, a shoe manufacturer posted a notice for the sale of shoes with certain rebates and specified the amount clearly. Therefore, it can be stated that the notice published by the company is an offer in nature that was posted on 1st October. Second provision of the case is based on the acceptance. According to the Australian Contract Act, if an acceptance is made as against an offer, it can be made by way of three positions (Westmore 2015). It can be oral or written or the accepting party may give the hints by way of his conduct. There is no particular form of the acceptance. It was held in the case of Crown v. Clarke, the court of United Kingdom has stated that if the consenting party accept the offer without any coercion or undue influence, the consent can be treated as acceptance to the offer. In the present case, it is seen that the Footloose Co. Posted one notice in a daily news paper regarding the sale of a specified shoes in a certain amount on 1st October. On the next day, 2nd October, one Famous Footwear, accept the offer made by Footloose and fax the same to the Sales Manager of the said company (Goodall 2015). After two days of such acceptance made by the Famous Footwear, another selling company, James shoes accepted the offer of the Footloose Co. and fax to the Sales manager of the company by stating their willingness regarding the offer made by the respected company on 4th October. It is stated under the law that if an offer is made to the public in general, anyone can accept the same by way of the provision stated under the law. Therefore, there are certain legality regarding the acceptance of the same offer by both the parties (Ready 2015). It is to be noted that both the companies have expressed their consent over the offer made by Footloose. However, the Sales Manager of the said company had answered back to James shoes and therefore, the contract between Footloose and James shoes have been taken place on 6th October. It has to be mentioned that the acceptor of the James shoes provided certain offers to the Footloose Co. regarding the sale of the shoes and the Sales Manager of the Footloose accepted all the offers made by him (McKendrick 2014). Therefore, it can be stated that the contract regarding the shoes are made in between the Footloose Pty Ltd. and James Shoes. The essential criteria for contract are to have certain consideration regarding the offer material. In the present case, there is certain consideration present regarding the subject matter. When the Sales Manager of the Footloose has accepted the proposal made by James shoes, he accepted the terms by way of a letter. Written version can be treated as a valid acceptance. On 8th October, James replied to the proposal and decided a date for the final agreement. The essential of an agreement is meeting of minds under the law. Here, meeting of minds take place when the offer of both the parties is accepted. On 10th October, the final proposition in between the Footloose and James shoes is made and a date was finalised for the agreement regarding the same (Lam and Lee 2014). The base of the case is evolved with the provision of the Electronic Transaction Act 1999 and the term electronic contract is the main theme of this case. Dilemma arose as there is no specific provision regarding the electronic contract. There is a precise provision of timing is needed here. In the present case, there is a specific provision is mentioned. Therefore, it can be stated that a contract has been made here. In Australian Communication of Media Authority v. Mobiligated Ltd. (2009) the provision regarding the online transaction and electronic contract has been discussed. References: Alexander, D.W. and Merkert, R., 2017. Challenges to domestic air freight in Australia: Evaluating air traffic markets with gravity modelling. Journal of Air Transport Management, 61, pp.41-52. Bailey, J., 2014.Construction Law. Crc Press. Cartwright, J., 2016. Contract law: An introduction to the English law of contract for the civil lawyer. Bloomsbury Publishing. Goodall, H., 2015. Contract gangs: race, gender and vulnerability. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 7(3), pp.23-36. Keyes, M., 2017. Australia: Foreign Law in Australian International Litigation: Developing the Common Law. InTreatment of Foreign Law-Dynamics towards Convergence?(pp. 503-528). Springer, Cham. Lam, T.I.P. and Lee, P., 2014. 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